....
...You wanted to say that there was
something real about causation, in the way that a real referent
corresponds to a reference, but not that any of the individual words in
a causal statement necessarily referred to it.
Yes, but not quite in the way that a definite description or name has a
reference. There is no object that can be pointed to. Saying A causes B
is saying something about the relation of A to B and that might involve
a lot of stuff (unlike the little that seems involved in the tree being
the reference of "That tree there")
A causes B. A and B refer to things, but "causes" doesn't, well not
literally in the way that A and B do-- I thought that was the kind of
thing you were saying. But the "objective reference" of the whole
proposition might be taken to be a configuration of the landscape of
possible worlds, without worrying for now about the individual words.
Yes, "might be taken", that is one theory of what the 'truth-maker' is.
1. A caused B
is looked at as roughly
2. If A had not happened, B would not have happened.
and 2 is then seen to have as its related 'fact' or 'truth maker'
particular features of possible worlds. Namely that the group of
possible worlds that are closest to ours except for A happening are also
worlds in which B does not happen.
And a lot of talking is needed to get people to take this seriously.
Lewis got serious philosophers' serious attention, no mean feat for such
a crazy sounding theory!
I can see why someone might want to do this if they wanted to uphold a
theory in which every meaningful proposition had to have an "objective
reference".
But you don't appear to obviously want to uphold any such theory, so
this can't be it.
I guess you are right. I think causal statements assume something about
how our world is constructed beyond things merely happening in Humean
regularities. Perhaps it is patterns all the way, but deeper patterns
than merely all the bricks we have dropped have always fallen. I am
probably closer to some of your own intuitions on this matter than you
think!
Perhaps a more fruitful approach to looking at causation is to step back
from trying to find correspondences of individual sentences with the
world and rather reflect on how scientific laws relate to the world in
other ways and then *later* come back to mop up about how individual
sentences relate.
Paul Davies is a physicist who has a philosophical bent and is to be
greatly respected for the way he keeps thinking and evolving his views.
He talks of looking at the world in terms of information theory, of the
laws as being somehow software and limited and tailored to the hardware.
You might find his evolution of view interesting, he is not a
professional philosopher but I like that he knows a lot of physics.
<
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/scienceshow/stories/2006/1809842.htm>
Click "Show transcript" and scan down past all of the interview with
Dawkins... There is a podcast on it too...
Yes, although it just moves the problem to the question which worlds are
possible and why. There might only be one possible world anyway.
I very much like the idea that there is only one possible world and that
what happens necessarily happens and it is an illusion somehow that
anything can be different to the way it is. But making this out is
another matter. <g>