No, it's based on C++, which allows mixing statements and
declarations.
I've never used Dev-C++, but my understanding is that it's an
IDE that includes MinGW, which in turn includes the gcc C and C++
compilers. gcc's C++ compiler of course permits declarations and
statements to be mixed. gcc's C compiler, in its default mode, also
permits declarations and statements to be mixed; its default mode
does not attempt to conform to C99, so this is an extension to C90.
Which if these is relevant depends on the mode in which Dev-C++
invokes gcc by default (assuming there is a meaningful default).
I would guess that you have to tell it which language you want
to use when you create a project.