Jeff Higgins said:
Does the following Graph display the specific property
that edges are vertices?
class VertexPair{
Vertex left;
Vertex right;
}
This should use »V« instead of »Vertex« to allow
for »left« and »right« to also be an Edge object.
I call this »pair-based information storage«,
a web page to explain it is not finished, but the
basic ideas can be grasped from the tutorial page
mentioned yesterday.
Explained in a few words:
Knowledge, i.e., a set of assertions, can be expressed as
a set of (possibly nested) pairs, like:
((isa planet) earth)
((orbits sun) earth)
((orbits sun) venus)
((orbits sun) mars)
(is-even 2)
((has-homepage Example-Corporation)
http://example.com)
Pair-based information storage keeps a set of such pairs,
which also can be depicted as a generalized graph of the kind
I wrote about yesterday.
All pairs and strings are internalized by the Java
implementation, so that, with the Java implementation
point( "earth" )
always returns the same reference (vertex), and
point( point( "orbits" ), point( "sun" ))
always returns the same reference (edge)
- If such an edge does not exist yet, it is created,
if it already exists, it is returned.
By this, points constructed before, can be accessed, again.
Also, every point has an actual in-list (»rdc«) and out-list
(»rac«), so that retrieval of information about any point is
fast: to find what is known about a certain point (such as the
sun), one just iterates over its in-list - one does not have
to iterate over all assertions to find those mentioning the
sun.
To find out, what orbits the sun, just iterate the out-list
of »( orbits, sun )«.
To find out, what is known about the earth, iterate
the in-list of »earth«.
To find out, about any entities orbiting each other,
iterate the out-list of »orbits«
And so on.
What is an de.dclj.ram.system.iteration.Iteration?
First, I have to apologize for most of the classes lacking
documentation! This library is »work in progress« and still in
an early state.
When I wrote implementations of java.util.Iterator<T>, I often
found it to be convenient to add an »iterator()« method, so
that the Iterator object can be used in a for loop.
The interface »Iteration<T>« is intended to represent this
pattern combining Iterator with Iterable.
Someone told me that it is »bad style« for an iterator
I've looked at Combinations, Permutations, and TupleNesting
but still can't get it.
This is my fault, because most classes still lack documentation.
But at least I can give an example and explanation here:
public class Main
{ /** print all words (of length 1, 2, and 3) that can
be built from the letters "T", "H", and "E" (Scramble). */
public static void main( final java.lang.String[] args )
{ final java.lang.Object[] hand = new java.lang.Object[]{ "T", "H", "E" };
for( int i = 1; i <= hand.length; ++i )
for
( final java.lang.Object[] j :
new de.dclj.ram.system.iteration.Combinations( i, hand ))
for
( final java.lang.Object[] k :
new de.dclj.ram.system.iteration.Permutations( j ))
java.lang.System.out.print( java.util.Arrays.toString( k )); }}
[T][H][E][T, H][H, T][T, E][E, T][H, E][E, H][T, H, E][T, E, H][H, T, E]
[H, E, T ][E, T, H][E, H, T]
So, for a number »i« and an array »hand«, »Combinations( i, hand )«
gives all i-Combinations from the array as an array, and for an array
»j«, »Permutations( j )« gives all the Permutations of that array.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation
The field BigFloatNumber.value is not visible
ram/src/de/dclj/ram/type/number BigIntNumber.java
The field BigIntNumber.value is not visible
ram/src/de/dclj/ram/type/number BigFloatNumber.java
Oops. I actually try to enforce some quality by building
the library myself directly before it is published.
But recently I had added a hack that will replace some
occurences of »public« with »private« before building the
JavaDoc documentation to hide some parts that should not show
up in the Documentation.
This hack is not yet tested and so it seems that this
»private« made it into the distribution. It seems that
you can correct it by replacing »private« with »public«
for the offending field.
line 53 1192961621723 60824
The method clone() is undefined for the type Cloneable
ram/src/de/dclj/ram/system/iteration
TupleNesting.java
line 57 1192961814430 61109
I have no idea why this happens. The type
»de.dclj.ram.java.lang.Cloneable« has a single method »public
java.lang.Object clone()«, which is called there.
Maybe it has the same cause as the next error message?
The type IntegralRange must implement the
inherited abstract method Cloneable.Clone()
ram/src/de/dclj/ram/system/iteration
IntegralRange.java
line 25 1192961936736 61110
This is strange as it requests the implementation of a method
»Clone()« with an uppercase »C«, and nowhere such a method
should be mentioned - neither in my sources nor in Sun's Java SE.
So it is not clear how »Clone« with an uppercase »C« makes it
into the error message.
I have no fix for the last two error messages - except to try
to remove the offending parts of the code - which might render
some parts of the library unusable, but at least should allow
one to compile the rest.
